Slide 001: Introduction to Abrasive Blasting¶

Slide Visual¶

Introduction to Abrasive Blasting

Slide Overview¶

This slide introduces abrasive blasting as a surface preparation and finishing process. Students learn the fundamental physics of particle impact, the history of sandblasting technology, and the wide range of industrial and makerspace applications.

Instruction Notes¶

What Is Abrasive Blasting?¶

Abrasive blasting is the process of propelling a stream of abrasive material against a surface under high pressure to smooth, roughen, shape, or remove surface contaminants. The process was patented by Benjamin Chew Tilghman in 1870 and has evolved significantly since.

Core Physics¶

The process relies on kinetic energy transfer. When an abrasive particle strikes a surface, the energy converts to mechanical work — removing material, creating anchor profiles, or inducing compressive stress. Key variables include:

Particle velocity: Typically 65–110 m/s for conventional blasting
Particle mass: Ranges from 0.01g (fine glass bead) to 2g+ (steel shot)
Impact angle: 45° optimal for material removal; 90° for peening
Nozzle pressure: 40–100 PSI (275–690 kPa) for most cabinet operations

Types of Abrasive Blasting Systems¶

System Type	Pressure Range	Application
Suction/Siphon	40–80 PSI	Light cleaning, hobby use
Pressure Pot	60–150 PSI	Heavy industrial, rust removal
Wet Blasting	30–60 PSI	Dust-free, delicate parts
Centrifugal Wheel	N/A (mechanical)	High-volume production

Common Applications in Makerspaces¶

Surface preparation before painting, powder coating, or welding
Removing rust, scale, and old coatings from metal parts
Creating decorative frosted finishes on glass
Deburring 3D printed metal or plastic parts
Creating texture profiles on wood or stone

Media Selection Overview¶

The choice of abrasive media determines the surface finish profile, material removal rate, and safety considerations. Traditional silica sand is now largely prohibited due to silicosis risk — modern alternatives include aluminum oxide, glass bead, walnut shell, and garnet.

Key Talking Points¶

Abrasive blasting is one of the most versatile surface preparation methods available
The physics of particle impact governs all blasting outcomes
Media selection is critical for both results and operator safety
Silica sand is prohibited in most jurisdictions — always use approved alternatives

Learning Objectives (Concept Check)¶

Define abrasive blasting and explain the basic physics of particle impact
Identify at least three types of blasting systems and their typical applications
Explain why silica sand has been replaced by alternative media

Last Updated: 2026-03-19